My Morphology's Article

One aspect of language is word. Word is important in language. Bloomfield (1993: 178) states that the word is the minimum free form, the smallest form that may occur in isolation. It means that the word is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit that can be used on its own. The examples of word are: boy, sister, bird, etc. The word “boy”, “sister”, “bird” cannot be divided into smaller units and they can convey meaning when they stand alone. 

A morpheme is defined as the smallest units of the meaning. Katamba (1994: 24) argues that the morpheme is the smallest difference in the shape of a word that correlated with the smallest difference in a word or sentence meaning or in grammatical structure. So, it can be said that morpheme is the smallest form of meaning. For example: the word “reader “can be broken down into two meaningful part that is “read” and the suffix “-er”.

In morphological study, the process of creating a new language form can be found in the process of what we call derivation. While, inflection is a process that never create new lexeme and only be able to modify the form of a word. According to Katamba (1994: 59) derivational process is the process of creating new lexemes from other lexemes. The writer is going to analyze derivation process of noun forming which are used in the “Campus English Magazine”.

The examples of derivation of noun forming affixes are:

a. Noun forming affixes from verb to noun:

Example:

1. Development = develop+ -ment

(In the Facebook Make Satisfaction But Mislead articles, P:4, Campus English Magazine)

                  Derivational suffixes: verb + -ment

                  Development (noun)

                  Develop (verb) -ment (affix)

Development consists of two morphemes. They are the base morpheme ‘develop’ and the bound morpheme ‘-ment’. Morpheme of “development” belongs to noun category, while morpheme ‘-ment’ is suffix. Development (n), Develop (v), + -ment. It is derivational affix, because the verb category changes the grammatical category from the verb into noun.

2. Information = inform + -ation

(In the Facebook Make Satisfaction But Mislead articles, P:4, Campus English Magazine)

Derivational suffixes: verb + -ation

Information (noun)

Inform (verb) -ation (affix)

Information consists of two morphemes. They are the base morpheme ‘inform’ and the bound morpheme ‘-ation’. Morpheme of “information” belongs to noun category, while morpheme ‘-ation’ is suffix. Information (n), inform (v) + -ation (affix). It is derivational affix, because the verb category changes the grammatical category from the verb into noun.

3. Teacher = teach + -er

(In the Facebook Make Satisfaction But Mislead articles,p: 4, Campus English Magazine)

Derivational suffixes: verb +-er

Teacher (noun)

            Teach (verb) -er (affix)

Teacher consists of two morphemes. They are the base morpheme ‘teach ‘and the bound morpheme ‘-er’. Morpheme of “teacher” belongs to noun category, while morpheme ‘-er’ is suffix. Teacher (n), teach (v), + -er (affix). It is derivational affix, because the verb category changes the grammatical category from the verb into noun. Because most of people do not understand more about this study, and the source restricted, the writer gets interest to do a research about derivational process of noun forming affixes.

The language form will always develop. The word formation is needed to get the proper words based on people desire to make their communication easier. Here, human being will also keep on creating the communicative and practical language based on their need. The word formation will become the fair matter. In this chapter, the writer reviews some theories concerned with word formation. The theories consist of morphology: the study of morpheme, definition of morpheme, the classification of morphemes, derivation: derivation of process, notion of inflection, the differences between derivation and inflection, part of speech: content word, and grammatical word.

A. Morphology

1. The Study of Morpheme

a. Definition of Morpheme

A morpheme is a minimal element form with specific meaning (Lehman, 1972:127). A morpheme is the smallest unit that is grammatically pertinent. Some morphemes can be usefully described as the language. By “Smallest meaningful unit” is meant unit that cannot be divided carries about meaning or function, so a morpheme also determines the meaning and function of the word.

b. The Classification of Morphemes

Morpheme can be classified into bound, free, and zero morphemes (Wardaught, 1977).

1) Free Morpheme

It is a morpheme that can stand alone as a word. For example: table, book, tea, etc. Free morpheme can be classified into word, stem, root, and base.

a) Word

The meaning of a word may be considered as the way it is used as part of different sentences. The meaning appear when the words are used in sentence or paragraph.

Bloomfield (in Katamba, 1994:11) in his classic definition defined a word as “the minimum free form of a language”. It is a form that cannot be divided into any smaller units that can be used independently to convey meaning.

For example: child is a word. We cannot divide it up into smaller units that can convey meaning when they stand-alone.

According to Bryson (1994) English as the object of this study has thousand of word. English words can be divided into some categories:

(1) Simple word: is a word that consists of a single morpheme, for example: car, girl, animal and etc.

(2) Complex word: is a word which content two or more morpheme, for example: cars, players, and etc.

(3) Morphological word: is a word base on from, for example: go, went, goes, going, and gone.

(4) Lexical word: is a word based on lexeme or an entry in a dictionary, for example: sing is one lexical item.

(5) Compound word: is a joining two separate words to produce a single form, for example: source book and home work.

Word also belong two types of classes:

(1) Open classes

These categories are noun, adverb, adjective, and verb. They are called open classes since we are able to add new words to these classes.

(2) Closed classes

Closed classes or called function words comprise: preposition, conjunction, pronoun, auxiliaries, intensifiers, etc. closed class is the cluster a word which cannot renewable and new function or from of the word. A closed class is a grammatical class of words with limited membership (Katie Wales, 2001:59). 

b) Stem

In linguistics, a stem (sometimes also theme) is the part of the word that is common to all inflected variant. Stems are often roots, i.e. atomic (un analyzable) lexical morphemes, but a stem can also be morphologically complex, as seen compound words. The stem of the complex English noun is designer and it’s only other inflected from is the plural designers.

c) Root

The root of a word is a unit of meaning (morpheme) and, as such, it is an abstraction though it cans usually be represented in writing, as a word would be. For example, it can be said that the root of the English verb form reading is read, or the root the Spanish superlative amplisimo is ampli-, since those words are clearly divided from the root forms by simple suffixes that do not alter the root in any way.

d) Base

According to Bauer (1998:115) a base is any unit over to which affixes of any kind can be added. The affixes attach to abase may be inflectional. Affixes selected for syntactic reasons or derivation affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base.

For example, the root child can be a base since it is attached to inflectional affixes like -s to get the plural form childs or derivational affixes like –ish to turn the noun boy into the adjectives childish.

2) Bound Morpheme

It is morphemes that always attached to other morphemes, never existing as a word themselves. For example: -ment, -mit, -ceive. The study of bound morphemes, affixes is a part of bound morphemes.

According to Francis (in Katamba, 1993:44), an affix is a attached to some other morpheme or morphemes such a root or stem or base (the other type of morphemes). The morphemes need to be joined with other morpheme.

There are types of affixes:

a) Prefix

A prefix is an affix attached before a root or stem. The prefix is added at the beginning of a word. For example: re-, un-, in-

re -fresh un -believe in –dependent

re -cycle un –happy in -visible

b) Infix

An infix in affix inserted into the root itself. Infixes are less common and rarely found in English word.

c) Suffix

It is an affix attached after root, stem or base. The suffixes add ing at the end of morpheme. The examples are: -ly, -er, -s, -ist, -ed. Fast –ly, read –er, bag –s, vocal –ist, jump –ed.

3) A zero morpheme

It is a zero allomorph without phonemic content. For example: the zero plural in deer and sheep.

B. Derivation

1. Derivation process of word

Derivation is the process of creating new lexemes from other lexemes. Like the word reader, it is derived from the word read, or the word undo is derived from the do, by changing pronunciation of the word or base such as personality from personal.

According to Katamba (1993:47) these are two limitations in doing the process of derivation. They are:

a. By changing the meaning of the base to which they are attached. The examples are:

Kind vs un –kind (both are adjectives but with opposite meaning).

Connect vs dis –connect (both of them are verb but with opposite meaning).

b. By changing the word class the bases belong to. The example is: the addition of the suffix –ly to adjective fast and simple produces the adverb fastly and simply.

2. Notion of Inflection

Inflection is a process, which never change the syntactic category of the words or morphemes to which they are attached. They are always attached the complete words. In contrast with derivation, inflection does not result in a change of word classes and the result is a predictable word. The example of word is: the word ‘table’ becomes table –s and jump into jump –ed. The word tables after added –s shows the plurality. It does not change the meaning or category of the word table.

3. The Differences between Derivation and Inflection.

Discussing derivation and inflection are important to know more about these morphological formations. Both of them have their characteristics. Which differentiate either the form or the meaning inflection is one that produces new words forms of a lexeme from a base: derivation is one that produces a new lexeme from a base (Bauer, 1988:12). The example can be changed morpheme happy into unhappy. Inflection does not alter the word class of the base to which it is attached. Here the inflectional morphemes are only able to modify the form of a word so it can fit into a particular syntactic slot (Francis Katamba, 1993:64).

C. Part of Speech

According to George Yule (2007:75), there are two kinds of part speech:

1. Content Word

a. Noun

In English, noun can be defined as those morphological stems that form words that can co- occur with (in) definite articles and attribute adjectives, and function as the head of a noun phrase.

The example is: The third shop is almost opened.

b. Verb

A verb is a word belongs to the part of speech that usually denotes an action (bring, read), an occurrence (decompose, glitter), or a state of being (exist, stand). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and number of some of its argument (subject, object, etc).

The examples are:

The mothers cook in the kitchen

They are singing a song.

c. Adjective

Adjective is a part of speech that modifies a noun or a pronoun, usually by describing it or making it’s meaning more specific. Adjectives exist in most language. The most widely recognize adjectives in English are words such as big, old, and tired those actually describe people, or things. These words can be modified with adverb, as in the phrase very big. 

The examples are:

This is a little house.

She was feeling sad.

d. Adverb

An adverb is a part of speech that adds information to a verb, adjectives, phrase, or another adverb.

The example is: The car is run in fastly on the way.

2. Grammatical Word

a. Pronoun

A pronoun (for example you and they in English) is a pro-form that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase with or without a determiner. For example, in the sentence “George gave the flower to marry”. All there nouns in the sentence can be replaced by pronouns: “He gave it to her”. It the coat, George and marry have been previously mentioned, the listener will be able to deduce the pronouns he, it and he refer to, and there for understand the meaning of the sentence.

b. Preposition

Prepositions are words normally placed before noun or pronoun. Prepositions can also be followed by verb, except after, but, and except. The example, in the sentence

“She is talking of adventuring”.

“They succeeded in escaping”.

c. Conjunction

Conjunctions that produce adverb clauses are dealt with in the paragraph on the various types of adverb clause. There are some types of conjunctions: Coordinate also called coordinator, is conjunctions that join two items of equal syntactic importance. The examples: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. Correlative conjunctions are pair of conjunction that works together to coordinate two items. The example: both… and, either…or, neither…nor, and not (only)…but (also). Subordinate conjunction is also called subordinator: it is conjunctions that introduce a dependent clause. The example: after, although, if, unless, and because.

d. Interjection

An interjection is a part of speech that usually has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence and simply expresses emotion of the speaker, although most interjections have clear definitions. Filled pause such as un, er, um, are also considered interjections. Interjections are generally uninfected function words and have sometimes been seen as sentence- words: since they can be replaced by a whole sentence. Sometimes, however interjections combine with other words to form sentences, but not with finite verbs.

The examples are:

Ouch, that dirty!

Oh no, I woke up late was today!

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF BARACK OBAMA BIOGRAPHY

A.    What Critical Discourse Analysis is

            Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a type of discourse analytical research that primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context. With such dissident research, critical discourse analysts take explicit position, and thus want to understand, expose, and ultimately resist social equality (Van Dijk, 1985).

The object of CDA there is Barrack Obama’s Biography book. Its aim is to explore the relationships among language, ideology, and power. In this book, the writer has own point of view in writing Barrack Obama’s Biography, so it needs to be discovered what is and what are the point that was emphasized by the writer and it will influence of reader.

Fairclough & Wodak (1997: 271-280) summarize the main tenets of CDA as follows:

1. CDA addresses social problems

2. Power relations are discursive

3. Discourse Constitutes Society and Culture

4. Discourse does ideological work

5. Discourse is historical

6. The link between text and society is mediated

7. Discourse analysis is interpretative and explanatory

8. Discourse is a form of social action.

  B.     Kind of Discourse Analysis from Barrack Obama’s Biography

1.      Ethnocentrism, anti-Semitism, nationalism and racism

By the time Barack Sr. was in his teens, life in Kenya was rapidly changing.

Many Africans had fought in the war, and when they returned to their homeland, they were eager to use what they learned as fighters.

They were no longer satisfied with white rule.

Barack’s grandfather was skeptical that talk about independence would lead to anything, and he thought Africans could never win against a white man’s army.

He told his son, “How can the African defeat the white man when he cannot even make his own bicycle?” He said that the African could never win against the white man because the black man wanted to work only with his own family or clan, while   responsibly. He wrote to Barack Sr. “How can you marry this white woman when you have responsibilities at home? Will this woman return with you and live as a Luo woman? . . . Let the girl’s father come to my hut and discuss the situation properly.

In his book, Barack also writes about racism and how his mother and grandparents were exposed to it while living in Texas.

In 1983, Barack decided to become a community activist, even though he didn’t know anyone who made a living doing this job nor did he know what such a job’s duties might be he would organize black people to effect change.

When Barack was announced as the winner of the most coveted position at one of the most prestigious institutions in the United States—the first black student to hold the spot in its 104 year history—he was inundated with interview requests from newspaper and magazine reporters. Barack is first president from black man.

STATEMENT: In biography of Barrack Obama, the writer emphasized that Barack is first president from black man. He is considered as president by people in America. This condition related to discriminating where the black man become minority and the government didn’t give attention to them. The writer emphasized this condition with winning Barrack Obama in President Election of America as the first president from Black Man. The writer wanted to tell the reader his proud because of its. The new president generation was born and will struggle the black man in themselves land. In history of America, the local citizens were black man from negro race, but in once upon a time the white people that were immigrant drive out negro race from themselves land. They actually took over the dominance in America, so the black man is lost. The white people also colonized them in their land. During several decades America was leaded by white people, their president is from white people in several eras. This matter happened since Barracks’ Grandfather and he told about the story of black man. He also unpermitted Barrack Sr when he wanted to marry Ann Dunham who white girl from Kansas. Because in their society it will forbidden and it is clumsy act, also it will make many problem with them.

There were many problems that happened with black people, they had been discriminating during some years. The governments didn’t care with black people right, even they were permitted and they didn’t get attention from the government. Many black man got violence, buried, and they became edge community. Unfairness, dignity, and injustice, also servitude are legalized by the American government in many years. The point of view of American people thought that Black man was viewed as low intelligence, so they were not considered as member of government. In this matter, writer efforted to built the influence character of Barrack Obama in losing discrimination and make black man’s life become more prosperous, safe, and give contribution in black man’s education. Barrack did this because when he grow up, he knew about what happened with their people and he felt what actually dissatisfaction become black man. Writer gift strong image in this book with told the history of Barrack in past, how barrack struggle in his education, and have powerful destiny to become important people in influencing other people, with following some organization until Barrack was accepted in heart of American people and he succeed become the first black man president, and he continued to struggle lift of his people.

I think the government had to consistence for struggling the black man life, not only give promise in campaign time but also make it really real in their life. Many promise of a would be president in campaign time had delivered many speech that relate to avoid racism in their country to get attention of society in order to they were chosen in voting but after they became president, they will forget what they said. They should give socialization for society of white people to change their mind and behave well with black man.

2.      SOCIAL PROBLEM 

He chose a young girl named Akumu, who was known for her great beauty. They had three children; the second child was Barack’s father. Later, he married again; his third wife was Granny, who, at 16, married Onyango and lived in Nairobi with him.

In 1963 Barack Obama Sr. leaves the United States to return to Kenya. He and Ann Dunham Obama are divorced.

Barack was two, his father returned to Africa, leaving him and his. 

In 1967 Ann Dunham Obama marries Lolo Soetoro, an Indonesian student attending the University of Hawaii. Lolo leaves Hawaii for Indonesia; Ann makes plans for her and Barrack to follow.

Barack leaves Hawai to move to Jakarta, Indonesia, with his mother and his stepfather. Barack’s half sister Maya is born in Indonesia. She separated from Lolo, and divorced.When Barack was 10.

After in new home now, his stepfather gave a gift of a ape named Tata from New Guinea when Barry going to sleep he heard the sound of crickets chirping. 

In 1963 when Barack was only 2 years old, wasn’t easily processed. Now, at 21 years of age, he heard from an aunt he didn’t know that his father, who was somewhat more a myth than a man, was dead.

STATEMENT: The writer explained about Barracks’ family, his grandfather and his father have some similarity in usually changing couple. Even his father divorced with his mother when he was young. Then his mother got married again with other man so do his father. There the writer wanted to tell how the development of children struggled with bad condition whereas actually children have to get love and affection from the two important people in real condition. His parents are divorced because his father want to get bright future with go away to Kenya and continued his study. Each other indeed want to get their own idea. They didn’t think about his children feeling and they didn’t care about it. This happened in Barracks’ life. He disappointed with their father because when he was children, he was gone away by his father. Barrack was president but his past life didn’t get much of affection from his parents. He didn’t come from the good quality affection of parents.

This story also told that the step father like Lolo Soetoro isn’t like in issued. He was good step father for Barrack. He loved his step child. He subjected Barrack like his own children, there is no differentiate.

The writer explained past life time of Barrack that have some disappointed feeling in his father and when his father come to meet him, he was just in silently, and sometimes he mumbled with his father. Actually there were no children that want to like Barracks life. He is common people that want to affection in growing up. This condition even made his point of view with his father bad, he didn’t respect with his father and until his father die he didn’t have pain feeling. In this case, how can the barrack’s disappointment be measure in his father?

Many cases in America were like that, the writer wanted to explain about this was social life style of American people in relationship. The social life of American was commonly they do without thought about the development behavioral of their children. Divorce is commonly situation in social live of American. They just still thought about their own happiness life and free to braid with other people or like to change their couple. The writer efforted to influence the reader with Barracks’ life in order to the society changed their life style. The writer suggested to the society to change in better life than yesterday with change their behavioral, becoming loyal with their own couple.

3.      EDUCATION

Barack Sr. was accepted at the University of Hawaii and through a scholarship and monies he received from benefactors; the funds were raised for him to leave Africa. Barrack Obama’s father became the first African student at the University of Hawaii, where he studied econometrics.

In 1963, after graduating in three years and first in his class, Barack

Sr. won another scholarship to pursue his Ph.D. at Harvard University.

Ann concentrated on Barack’s education. There wasn’t enough money to send him to the International School, where most of the foreign children were educated, so she arranged to supplement his Indonesian education with lessons from a correspondence course.

1971 Fall—As a fifth grader, Barack attends the prestigious prep school Punahou Academy.

1979 Barack’s paternal grandfather, Hussein Onyango Obama, dies in Kenya. Barrack graduates from Punahou Academy. After being accepted by several schools, he enrolls in Occidental College in Los Angeles.

1981 August—Barack, now 20 years old, transfers from Occidental College to Columbia University in New York City

1983 Barack graduates from Columbia University. He takes a job in New York as a research assistant at a consulting firm.

1985 Barack accepts a position as a community organizer and moves to Chicago. During his three years on the job, his half sister Auma visits him and he learns about his father and the family in Kenya.

1988 February—Barack is accepted by Harvard Law School. Fall—At 27 years of age, Barack begins law school.

1990 During his second year of law school, Barack is elected president of the prestigious Harvard Law Review. He is the first African American to be elected to the position in the Review’s 104-year history.

1991 Barack graduates magna cum laude from Harvard Law School. After being heavily recruited by law firms across the nation, he returns to Chicago to practice civil rights law. 

STATEMENT: Barracks’ parents are people that have great aspire; they continued their study in university to become success people in future and they wanted to have better life than before. Their thinking is modern because their culture had demanded west people to become success people and hard worker also explore their talent and competence. If they didn’t become anyone, so they didn’t include great people. Relating to the barracks’ grandfather, he is famous farmer because he has high knowledge about field. From that story, he was people that wanted to effort becoming success people and improve his field and produce much money for his family life. He read some book and study about field with autodidact. He thought that education is important and he is intellectual people. It was relegated to his generation. Moreover Barracks father is black man from Africa, he has more spirit to be success people and prove to the world that the black man is same intelegency with white people in education.

The development Barrack education is significant from one step to the other step. Although when he was child, he didn’t get best education from International school because his mother didn’t have enough money and choose with teaching him herself, her mother effort to give the best thing that she has. In fact there are no parents that want to give common treatment for their children about anything especially education. They necessary want to give best thing for their children. He had to work before he continued his study in Havard University; I think that he was so independent students, from work during three years he had more experience about the case in society, so he become people that was considered. When he was studying at Havard University, he was chosen as president of Havard University review to review the political article.

Barrack is people that have high competency and smart, he has lofty aspire in his study that become his spirits; it was to change the black man life and made them to prosperous. He began his school in Indonesia and move from one country to other country to look for knowledge and experience. He studied more and tried to find who was he? He interested with political science, and it supported him to be politician. He studied about more political science and studied about cases from one country to other country. He became great people from black man that can prove his existence with having some famous academic title and have more science about political, life, and social.

4.      CULTURE 

     a.  Social Culture

In 1961, Barrack Obama was born and stayed in Hawai.

In 1971 Barack leaves Indonesia to live with his grandparents in Hawaii. Ann and Barack’s half sister Maya stay in Indonesia. He is 10 years old. He came back to Hawai to go to school in Punahou Academy.

In the fall of 1979 Barrack left Hawai for California.

In 1981 Barrack arrived in New York to study political science.

In 1983 Barrack moved to Chicago for becoming activist.

In 1988 Barrack went to Kenya for going to Havard University. 

b. Background Culture

Barrack’s father is from Africa, he is black man and he is Muslim.

Barracks mother is from Witchi; Kansas-America, she is White Woman and she is Christian. 

STATEMENT: a. Barrack commonly moved from one place to other place to study or live. Actually Barrack knew more different culture and he knew about society there. He had a lot of experience and knowledge about the culture and it influenced his thinking. For instance when he stayed in Indonesia, he knew about the language, culture, and Indonesian food, also religion. He understood about life together with harmonious between Moslem people and Christian. He knew about many things about the black man and studied the development black man in around him, so he can infer what he should do. He understood that in each country that had different treatment for black man. Barrack is smart person that easy to adapt in any country, so he was flexible people. He developed his brain with many cases in other country and it made his thinking is great.

STATEMMENT: b. Barrack’s parents actually had different culture, because they are from different country and race. When Barrack followed president election of America, he got some problem about his skin. This happened in discussion session when he interviewed by journalist from   National Association of Black Journalists in August 2007. But I think Barrack had high confident to answer the question about his skin. He said that “The discussion didn’t discuss about my black skin but other”. He was very confident to answer it. He actually had adapted about differentiate both culture of his father or mother. He was never confused about his culture, but he actually made it easy. He knew about Islam and Christian, but he never made it different, he liked peace and love. He chose Non Moslem because he stayed with his mother. His mother told Barrack about it and everything that relate to Christian. I think it will be different story, if Barrack stayed with his father, he will be Moslem. Because in children life, he may not immediately choose his own religion, but here the influences of parents are majority to influence religion of his children. The children will be Moslem or Christian or other religion, it depended on their parents. Barrack also perceive that black man and white man is same. He was born by white woman and his father is black man, so Barrack thought that it was same. There is no differentiate between both in intellectual and competency, all of human have same capacity, only color of their skin that is different.   

5.      THE DISCOURSE OF ECONOMICS

Barack Sr. moved away from his father’s home to work in Mombassa. He later applied to universities in the United States. Onyango supported his son’s desire to study abroad but had little money to support his efforts.

STATEMENT: Barrack wasn’t from rich family; this is known by his grandfather that he was just common farmer that have some field. His grandfather also can’t give budget of school to his son when Barrack’s father wanted to school in University of States. Barrack SR worked hard to collect some money to continue his study, but other destiny arrived from him. Because of it he even got scholarship in University of Havard and Hawai. The spirit of Barracks’ father was adhered to Barrack, he is independent guy that survive his life. He was also hard worker before he went to Havard University. The spirit of Barrack need to be example for our life.

6.      POLITICAL DISCOURSE

1981 August—Barack, now 20 years old, transfers from Occidental College to Columbia University in New York City to study political science.

1985 Barack accepts a position as a community organizer and moves to Chicago.

1988 February—Barack is accepted by Harvard Law School. Fall—At 27 years of age, Barack begins law school.

1990 During his second year of law school, Barack is elected as president of the prestigious Harvard Law Review. He is the first African American to be elected to the position in the Review’s 104-year history. 

In 1991, Barack graduated from Harvard Law School. Because of his position with the Law Review and graduating magna cum laude, he was heavily recruited by numerous law firms and also by a chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Washington, D.C., circuit, a very powerful and prestigious position. While a student at Harvard Law, Barack worked as a summer law associate at a Chicago law firm.

In 1992, Barack became the director of Illinois Project Vote, helping register nearly 50,000 voters, many of whom were low-income minorities.

In 1993, Barack went to work for a public interest law firm, where he worked as a civil rights attorney. After three years of teaching and working as a civil rights attorney, Barack decided to enter politics.

In 1999, Barack missed an important vote relating to gun control. At the time, he and his family were visiting his grandmother in Hawaii for the Christmas holiday, and his daughter, Malia, then 18 months old, was sick and unable to fly. The vote was narrowly defeated, and, while his vote wouldn’t have made a difference in the bill’s demise, the missed vote was a factor when Barack ran against Bobby Rush, a popular Chicago Democrat, for the U.S. House of Representatives. 

By 1999, Barack made the decision to enter the race for the U.S.House of Representatives.

At the October 2, 2002, rally, Barack took a position on what was a popular war. To a crowd of approximately 2,000 people, Barack said, “What I am opposed to is a dumb war.

While campaigning in 2003, Barack was adamantly liberal in his views, and he continued to be outspoken in his opposition to the Iraq war.

And then he ran for the U.S. Senate and won by a landslide after delivering what was described as an electrifying speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention.

From the moment he finished his electrifying speech at the Democratic National Convention in August 2004, Barack was a political star. A few months later, an overwhelming majority of Illinois voters elected him to the U.S. Senat.         

In January 2005, Barack was the only African American in the U.S. Senate, and only the fifth black U.S. senator in history. In the American Prospect in

February 2006, author Jodi Enda notes that in Barack there is a sense of destiny, and his background and charm, his intellect and his way with words, all mark him as someone special.

On January 16, 2007, Barack took another step toward a presidential bid by posting a message on his Web site and sending an e-mail message to his Web site subscribers about forming a presidential exploratory committee.

The 2008 presidential race has been described as unprecedented and as a history-making event. For the first time, an African American was a Democratic front-runner with a legitimate opportunity to be the president.

STATEMENT: The development of Barrack Obama’s political from year to year increased significantly. He found his destiny to come in political word and eventually he entered in real politic in year 1993. He fostered his experience and become real politician. He will create his dream become true, when he was child he wanted to be president. He efforted more and he became senator of USA in year 2006. In political word he include person that have great influence for society. Lastly he won the America election because his cleverness in getting heart of American people by his speech. Barrack Obama used more simple words and short sentences instead of difficult ones. His language is easy and colloquial. Thus, it can easily shorten the distance between him and the audience. This matter happened because Barrack is talent people and charismatic, and wise. He has wide experience in this field because in the past, he always performs in front of public to deliver his speech with his style, and his studies also support Barrack to become best speeches, and made Barrack can built himself to be powerful in speech. He imitated his father confident and way of his father to deliver his speech. The audiences that listen Barrack’s voice were influenced, and they actually built their confidence to choose Barrack Obama.

Barrack also delivered optional of his speech about some topic that became polemic in his society, like AIDS, War, Race, and etc. He chose Irak war topic indeed because he wanted to change governing style of America with stopping intervention of Iraq and commanded for American Shoulder to come back in their homeland. He also proclaimed about race in his political when campaign because it is most interesting topic that still exist there. In his political, actually he sometimes got trouble. His way isn’t always swift. I think Barrack was bravery man because he gaze directly Josh Bush opinion about war in Iraq. Barrack didn’t allowed what Josh Bush had done before. Barrack give message for society to stop war in Iraq. The American Society also didn’t like with war, they also have same feeling with other human, they had affection with other, but when President Josh W Bush was governing America; opinion of his society wasn’t listened by government. He did what he like although sacrifice many shoulder in war location. Barrack was smart people he used bat condition that society hated it to increase his popularity.